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learned to new situations. In a discussion the student must perform the psychologically important task of reformulafing in his own words and structure ideas in regard to his fellow students or the instructor.

Who's involved?

1. The leader is the person who guides the discussion. He is not necessarily an expert in the subject or problem area from which the topic comes. He needs or should be willing to acquire enough knowledge to understand the significance of the topic and the issue that it suggests. It is suggested here that once your discussions become productive the leadership be rotated in order to develop a broad base of competent leadership and provide students with insight into the problems and responsibilities of the leader.

2. The group participants are those persons who take an active part in the discussion. They are (a) interested in the topic, (b) willing to prepare for the discussion, and (c) willing to accept responsibility for sharing their ideas and opinions. (It seems important to the author that instructor behaviour set a tone and example for students to follow.)

3. A recorder (if used) writes on paper such information as the group feels will be useful to record. He may be requested to record such matters as the points of agreement or disagreement, suggested action, or recommendations. He mag copy what is written on the black- board so that it can be erased from time to time.

4. A resource person may be used by the group during discussion in much the same way that a reference book is used. The participants request from him whatever information seems essential to meaningful discussion.

5. An observer may be used to watch the process. He keeps approp- riate notes and shares these when asked. He sits away from the group and does not participate.

What is the usual pattern of communication?

A circle arrangement permits group participants to speak to one another and the leader. The leader should not speak as much as the group members. However, the group leader's participation is directly dependent on group participation. It should be kept in mind, nevertheless, that (1) group discussion is purposeful conversation and in no way should it resemble

a series of short speeches, and (2) that much of the conversation should not be routed through the leader.