Allin i he tle wR be nee

~) VAT QUIROS).

SubmiTTeO CY AINOK COYLE

GLOSSARY OF LABOUR TERMS

AGENCY SHOP -- A clause ina collective agreement similar to
the Rand Formula.

AGREEMENT, COLLECTIVE —A contract (agreement and
contract are used interchangeably) between one or more
unions acting as bargaining agent, and one or more em-
ployers, covering wages, hours, working conditions, fringe
benefits, rights of workers and union, and procedures to be
followed in settling disputes and grievances. (Convention
collective.)

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR — CONGRESS OF IN-
DUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFL-CIO) —A_ federation of
craft and industrial unions, as well as unions of a mixed
structure in the U.S.; the U.S. counterpart of the Canadian La-
bour Congress. (Fédération américaine du travail — Congrés
des organisations industrielles),

ARBITRATION — A method of settling disputes through the
intervention of a third party whose decision is final and bind-
ing. Such a third party can be either a single arbitrator, or a
board consisting of a chairman and one or more represent-
atives. Arbitration is often used to settle major grievances
and for settling contract interpretation disputes. Voluntary
arbitration is that agreed to by the parties without statutory
compulsion. Compulsory arbitration is that imposed by law.
Governments sometimes impose it to avoid a strike or to end
one. (Arbitrage obligatoire; Arbitrage facultatif)

BARGAINING AGENT — Union designated by a /abour relations
board or similar government agency as the exclusive repre-
sentative of all employees in a bargaining unit for the purpose
of collective bargaining. (Agent négociateur).

BARGAINING UNIT — Group of workers in a craft, department,
plant, firm, industry or occupation, determined by a /abour
relations board or similar body as appropriate for representa-
tion by a union for purposes of co/lective bargaining. (Groupe-
ment négociateur; Unité de négociation).

BASE RATE — The lowest rate of pay, expressed in hourly
terms, for the lowest paid qualified worker classification in
the bargaining unit. (Taux de base). Not to be confused with
basic rate, which is the straight-time rate of pay per hour,
job or unit, excluding premiums, incentive bonuses, etc.

BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS — Production and maintenance
workers as contrasted to office and professional personnel.
(Cols bleus).

CANADIAN LABOUR CONGRESS (CLC) — Canada's national
labour body representing over 70 per cent of organized labour
in the country. See Notes on Unions No. 3 (Congrés du travail
du Canada — CTC).

CERTIFICATION — Official designation by a /abour relations
board or similar government agency of a union as sole and
exclusive bargaining agent, following proof of majority support
among employees in a bargaining unit. (Accréditation).

CHECKOFF — A clause in a collective agreement authorizing
an employer to deduct union dues and, sometimes, other
assessments, and transmit these funds to the union. There are
four main types; the first three apply to union members only:
(1) Voluntary revocable; (2) Voluntary irrevocable; (3) Com-
pulsory; (4) Rand Formula — dues deducted from union and
non-union employees. (Précompte).

CLOSED SHOP — A provision in a collective agreement
whereby all employees in a bargaining unit must be union
members in good standing before being hired, and new
employees hired through the union. See Union security.
(Atelier fermé).

CODE OF ETHICAL PRACTICES — A declaration of principle
adopted by the Canadian Labour Congress, requiring unions
to try to ensure maximum attendance at meetings and general
participation by membership. Under this code, no one
engaging in corrupt practices may hold office in the union or
in the CLC. (Code d'éthique).

COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT — See Aaranient

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING — Method of determining wages,
hours and other conditions of employment through direct
negotiations between the union and employer. Normally the
result of collective bargaining is a written contract which
covers all employees in the bargaining unit, both union mem-
bers and non-members. (Négociations collectives).

COMPANY UNION—A one-company group of employees,
frequently organized or inspired by management and usual.y
dominated by the employer. (Syndicat de boutique).

CONCILIATION and MEDIATION — A process which attempts
to resolve labour disputes by compromise or voluntary agree-
ment. By contrast with arbitration the mediator, conciliator or
conciliation board does not bring in a binding award and the
parties are free to accept or to reject its recommendation. The
conciliator is often a government official while the mediator
is usually a private individual appointed as a last resort, some-
times even after the start of a strike. (Conciliation; Médiation).

CONFEDERATION OF NATIONAL TRADE UNIONS (CNTU) —
A Quebec-based central labour body. (Confédération des syn-
dicats nationaux — CSN).

CONTRACTING OUT — Practice of employer having work per-
formed. by an outside contractor and not by regular em-
ployees in the unit (Impartition). Not to be confused with
subcontracting, which is the practice of a contractor dele-
gating part of his work to a subcontractor.

CONTRACT — Sce Collective agreement.

CONTRACT PROPOSALS — Proposed changes to the collec-
tive agreement put forward by the union or the employer and
subject to collective bargaining. (Revendications).

COST-OF-LIVING ALLOWANCE — Periodic pay increase based
on changes in the Consumer Price Index, sometimes with a
stated top limit. (Indemnité de vie-chére).

CRAFT UNION — Also called horizontal union. A trade union
which organizes on-the principle of limiting membership to
some specific craft or skill, i.e., electricians, plumbers, etc.
In practice many traditional craft unions now also enroll mem-
bers outside the craft field, thereby resembling industrial
unions. (Syndicat de métier).

FEDERATION OF LABOUR — A federation, chartered by the
Canadian Labour Congress, grouping /ocal unions and labour
councils in a given province. (Fédération des travailleurs).

FRINGE BENEFITS — Non-wage benefits, such as paid vaca-
tions, pensions, health and welfare provisions, life insurance,
etc., the cost of which is borne in whole or in part by the
employer. (Avantages sociaux).

GRIEVANCE —- Complaint against management by one or
more employees, or a union, concerning an alleged breach of
the collective agreement or an alleged injustice. Procedure
for the handling of grievances is:usually defined in the agree-
ment. The last step of the procedure is usually arbitration.
(Griefs, Réclamation).

INDUSTRIAL UNION — also called Vertical union. A trade
union which organizes on the principle of including all work-
ers from one industry, regardless of their craft or whether the
are skilled or unskilled. See Craft union. (Syndicat industriel).

INJUNCTION — A court order restraining an employer or union
from committing or engaging in certain acts. An ex parte in-
junction is one in which the application for an injunction is
made inthe absence of the party affected. (Injonction).

INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS
(ICFTU). — An international trade union body, formed in 1949,
composed of a large number of national central labour bodies
such as the Canadian Labour Congress. \t represents 50 mil-
lion members in 96 non-communist countries. (Confédération
Internationale des syndicats libres — CISL).

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) — Tripartite
world body representative of labour, management and govern-
ment; an agency of the United Nations. It disseminates labour
information and sets minimum international labour standards,

13