called "conventions". offered to member natlons for adoption. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. (Organisation internationale du travail — OIT). INTERNATIONAL UNION-—A union which has members in both Canada and the United States. (Syndicat International). JOB EVALUATION — A system designed to create a fierarchy of jobs based on factors such as skill, responsibility or ex- perience, time and effort. Often used for the purpose of arriving at a rational system of wage differentials between jobs or classes of jobs. (Evaluation des emplols). JOB SECURITY —A provision in a collective agreement pro- tecting a worker's job, as in the introduction of new methods or machines. (Sécurité d'emploi). JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTE — A dispute between two or more unions as to which one shall represent a group of employees in collective bargaining or as to whose members shall perform a certain kind of work. (Conflit de compétence). LABOUR COLLEGE OF CANADA - Bilingual, bicultural instl- tution of higher education for trade union members, operated jointly by the Canadian Labour Congress, McGill University and the Université de Montréal for the purpose of providing a training ground for future trade union leaders. (Collége cana- dien des travailleurs). LABOUR COUNCIL — Organization composed of J/ocals of CLC-affiliated unions in a given community or district. (Con- seil du travail). LABOUR RELATIONS BOARD — A board established under provincial or federal labour relations legislation to administer labour law, including certification of trade unions as bargain- ing agents, investigation of unfair labour practices and other functions prescribed under the legislation. (Commission des relations du travail. Au Québec: Tribunal du travail). a LOCAL (UNION) — Also known as lodge, or branch, The basic unit of union organization. Trade unions are usually divided into a number of locals for the purposes of local administra- tion. These locals have their own constitutions and elect their own officers; they are usually responsible for the negotiation and day-to-day administration of the collective agreements covering their members. (Section locale). LOCKOUT — A phase of a labour dispute in which manage- ment refuses work to employees or closes Its establishment in order to force a settlement on its terms. (Lockout). MAINTENANCE OF MEMBERSHIP — A provision in a collec- tive agreement stating that no worker need join the union as a condition of employment, but all workers who voluntarily join must maintain their membership for the duration of the agreement as a condition of continued employment. See Union security. (Maintien d'adhésion). MEDIATION — See Conciliation and Mediation. MODIFIED UNION SHOP —A place of work in which non- union workers already employed need not join the union, but all new employees must join, and those already members must remain in the union. See Union security, Union shop. (Atelier syndical modifié). MOONLIGHTING —The holding by a single individual of more than one paid job at the same time. (Travail noir). NATIONAL UNION — A union whose membership is confined to Canada only. (Syndicat canadien). PER CAPITA TAX — Regular payments by a /ocal to its national or international union, labour council or federation, or by a union to its central labour body. It is based on the number of members. (Capitation). PICKETING — Patrolling near employer's place of business by union members — pickets — to publicize the existence of a labour dispute, persuade workers to join a strike or join the union, discouraging customers from buying or using em- ployer’s goods or service, etc. (Piquetage, faire le piquet). PREMIUM PAY — A wage rate higher than straight time, pay- able for overtime work, work on holidays or scheduled days off, etc., or for work under extraordinary conditions such as dangerous, dirty or unpleasant work. (Salaire majoré). RAIDING — An attempt by one union to induce members of another unlon to defect and join its ranks (Maraudage). RAND FORMULA -— Also called Agency shop. A union se- curity clause in a collective agreement stating that the em- ployer agrees to deduct an amount equal to the unlon dues from all members of the bargaining unit, whether or not they are members of the union, for the duration of the collective agreement. See Checkoff. (Formule Rand). ( ma pean DOUGLAS ¢ -GE LISRARY ARCHIVES REOPENER — A provision calling for reopening a collective agreement at a specified tlme prior to its expiration for bargaining on stated subjects such as a wage Increase, pen- sion, health and welfare, etc. (Réouverture). SENIORITY — Term used to designate an employee’s. status relative to other employees, as in determining order of lay- off, promotion, recall, transfer, vacations, etc. Depending on the provisions of the collective agreement, seniority can be based on length of service alone or on additional factors such as ability or union duties. (Ancienneté). SHIFT — The stated daily working period for a group of em- ployees, e.g., 7 a.m. to 4 p.m., 4 p.m. to midnight, midnight to 8 a.m. See Split shift. (Quart; poste; équipe). SHIFT DIFFERENTIAL — Added pay for work performed at other than regular daytime hours. (Prime de quart). SHOP STEWARD — A union official who represents a specific group of members and the union in union duties, grievance matters, and other employment conditions. Stewards are usually part of the work force they represent. (Délégué syn- dical; Délégué d’atelier). SLOWDOWN — A deliberate lessening of work effort without an actual strike, in order to force concessions from the em- ployer. (Gréve periée). A variation of this is called a work-to- rule strike — a concerted slowdown in which workers, tongue In cheek, simply obey all laws and rules applying to their work. (Gréve du zéle). SPLIT SHIFT — Division of an employee's daily working time into two or more working periods, to meet peak needs. (Poste fractionné). STRIKE — A cessation of work or a refusal to work or to * continue work by employees in combination or in accordance with a common understanding for the purpose of compelling an employer to agree to terms or conditions of employment. Usually the last stage of collective bargaining when all other means have failed. Except in special cases strikes are legal when a collective agreement is not in force. (Gréve). A Rotat- ing or Hit-and-run strike (gréve tournante) is a strike orga- nized in such a way that only part of the employees stop work at any given time, each group taking its turn. A Sympathy strike (gréve de solidarité) is a strike by workers not directly involved in a labour dispute — an attempt to show labour solidarity and bring pressure on an employer in a labour dispute. A Wildcat strike (gréve spontanée) is a strike violat- Ing the collective agreement and not authorized by the union. STRIKEBREAKER; SCAB — A person who continues to work or who accepts employment to replace workers who are on strike. By filling their jobs, he may weaken or break the strike. (Briseur de gréve; Jaune). STRIKE VOTE — Vote conducted among members of a union to determine whether or not to go on strike. (Vote de gréve). TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE — Technical progress In Indus- trial methods such as the introduction of labour-saving ma- chinery or new production techniques. These often result in manpower reductions. (Progrés technologique). TRADE UNION — Workers organized into a voluntary assocla- tion, or union, to further their mutual interests with respect to wages, hours, working conditions and other matters of In- terest to the workers. (Syndicat). UNION LABEL; BUG — A tag, Imprint or design affixed to a Seale. to show it was made by union eae. (Etiquette syn- icale UNION SECURITY — Provisions In Lifeline agreements de- signed to protect the institutional life of the union. See: Checkoff, Closed shop, Maintenance of membership, Rand cee Union shop, Modified union shop. (Sécurité syndi- cale). UNION SHOP — A place of work where every worker covered by the collective agreement must become and remain a mem- ber of the union. New workers need not be union members to be hired, but must join after a certain number of days. See Union security, Modified union shop. (Atelier syndica!). WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS — Term applied to workers In offices and other non-production phases of Industry. (Cols blancs). WORK-TO-RULE — See Slowdown. WORKING CONDITIONS — Conditions pertaining to the workers’ job environment, such as hours of work, safety, pald holidays and vacations, rest period, free clothing or uniforms, possibilities of advancement, etc. Many of these are included in the collective agreement and subject to collective bargain- Ing. (Conditions de = ae