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learned to new situations. In a discussion the student must perform the
psychologically important task of reformulafing in his own words and
structure ideas in regard to his fellow students or the instructor.

Who's involved?

1. The leader is the person who guides the discussion. He is not
necessarily an expert in the subject or problem area from which the
topic comes. He needs or should be willing to acquire enough knowledge
to understand the significance of the topic and the issue that it
suggests. It is suggested here that once your discussions become
productive the leadership be rotated in order to develop a broad base
of competent leadership and provide students with insight into the
problems and responsibilities of the leader.

2. The group participants are those persons who take an active
part in the discussion. They are (a) interested in the topic, (b)
willing to prepare for the discussion, and (c) willing to accept
responsibility for sharing their ideas and opinions. (It seems
important to the author that instructor behaviour set a tone and
example for students to follow.)

3. A recorder (if used) writes on paper such information as the
group feels will be useful to record. He may be requested to record
such matters as the points of agreement or disagreement, suggested
action, or recommendations. He mag copy what is written on the black-
board so that it can be erased from time to time.

4. A resource person may be used by the group during discussion
in much the same way that a reference book is used. The participants
request from him whatever information seems essential to meaningful
discussion.

5. An observer may be used to watch the process. He keeps approp-
riate notes and shares these when asked. He sits away from the group and
does not participate.

What is the usual pattern of communication?

A circle arrangement permits group participants to speak to one another
and the leader. The leader should not speak as much as the group members.
However, the group leader's participation is directly dependent on group
participation. It should be kept in mind, nevertheless, that (1) group
discussion is purposeful conversation and in no way should it resemble

a series of short speeches, and (2) that much of the conversation should
not be routed through the leader.